{"id":106321,"date":"2023-09-05T10:40:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T15:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/what-is-art\/"},"modified":"2025-10-09T16:53:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T16:53:25","slug":"what-is-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/what-is-art\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Art?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It appears that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/orlando-museum-art-files-lawsuit-fake-jean-michel\/story?id=102324017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Orlando Museum of Art was duped<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In 2022, they hosted an exhibition of the work of the late artist Jean-Michel Basquiat. Basquiat, who died in 1988, was a New York graffiti artist and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neo-expressionist painter. To say his work was world-renowned and carried a hefty price tag would be an understatement. In 2017, his piece <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2017\/05\/19\/529096175\/at-110-5-million-basquiat-painting-becomes-priciest-work-ever-sold-by-a-u-s-arti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Untitled <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sold at auction for $110.5 million<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making it the most expensive piece ever sold by an American artist. The 2022 exhibit titled Heroes and Monsters was supposed to include unseen examples of Basquiat\u2019s work. Unfortunately, the paintings were fake. The FBI Art Crime Team seized 25 art pieces, and the museum director was fired. The kerfuffle left the museum\u2019s reputation in such a tattered state that a year later, they decided to sue the exhibit\u2019s sponsors in hopes of recovering not only money spent on the event but also the shards of their legacy. The fallout from this story opens the door for us to consider art from a sociological perspective. What is art?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-94812\" src=\"https:\/\/sociologicalyou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Basquiat-art.jpg\" alt=\"An art gallery patron looking at Basquiat\u2019s self portrait.\" width=\"373\" height=\"224\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a sociological perspective, art is closely tied to <\/span><b>culture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a society\u2019s socially learned and shared ideas, behaviors, and material components.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> What is art in one culture is not necessarily seen as art in another culture. The indigenous people of Papua New Guinea may not consider <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/treasuresoftheworld\/mona_lisa\/mlevel_1\/m3technique.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s Mona Lisa<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> art, even though millions of other people visit it each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For our purposes, there are two categories under the rubric of culture. First, there is <\/span><b>material culture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the physical artifacts that represent components of society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Material culture consists of those things made by humans you can physically touch. This can include a painting, a quilt, a necklace, or a piece of pottery. If a person made it and you can physically touch it, it is material culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-94814\" src=\"https:\/\/sociologicalyou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Whirling-Dervishes.jpg\" alt=\"Sufi Dervishes practicing Sufi whirling.\" width=\"319\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, <\/span><b>nonmaterial culture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consists of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas and symbols representing components of society.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Language and customs fall into this category. The overarching feature of nonmaterial culture is that humans created it, but you cannot physically touch it. That poetry competition you attended last week and the Sufi Whirling Dervishes\u2019 hypnotic spin are nonmaterial culture forms. Interestingly, nonmaterial culture often has its material counterpart. You can\u2019t touch spoken poetry, but you can touch the paper it is written on. While you can\u2019t touch the belief and mysticism of the Whirling Dervish, you can (but shouldn\u2019t!) touch their tall felt hat known as a \u201csikke.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The art of Basquiat discussed above is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">associated with the dominant and elite members of society, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">also known as<\/span><b> high culture.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> High culture comprises the goods, products, and services patronized by the upper-class members of society. Aspects of high culture are typically out of reach for the average citizen in society. By comparison, average citizens can usually afford <\/span><b>popular culture<\/b>, <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cultural characteristics the masses adopted, imitated, and idolized.<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This includes goods, products, and services patronized by society\u2019s middle and lower classes.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of Basquiat\u2019s original work of art, those who can only afford popular culture might buy a print or poster of his work. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interestingly, people who patronize high culture also engage in popular culture. For example, even though they can afford to attend the opera, they also go to the movies. Rarely is the reverse true because people who can only afford popular culture do not have the means to afford high culture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-94813\" src=\"https:\/\/sociologicalyou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Lamborghini-Sian.jpg\" alt=\"A green Lamborghini Sian with orange rims.\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Art is categorized into specific genres, whose followers make up <\/span><b>subcultures<\/b>, <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a distinct set of cultural characteristics shared by a minority of people in society.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Examples of subcultures in the art world include Cubism, Impressionism, and the aforementioned <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neo-expressionism, just to name a few. Followers of the various subcultures are often interested in the symbolic nature of art. For them, <\/span><b>symbols<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas or objects that have a shared meaning to groups of people<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Symbols of beauty, spirituality, power, and death are prevalent in works of art.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On occasion, members of society may classify certain forms of art as <\/span><b>taboo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because they violate <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">formal norms that cause revulsion and the most severe social sanctions<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Examples include<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/entertainment\/ct-dread-scott-us-flag-lecture-ent-0215-20160212-column.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the display of the United States flag on the floor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or images of religious figures that are prohibited from depiction, like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/05\/04\/living\/islam-prophet-images\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Islam\u2019s Prophet Mohammed.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In these instances, <\/span><b>values<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collective ideas about what is desirable and undesirable in society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, are what determine what is taboo and how people respond.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a sociological perspective, art is based on cultural identities, social relationships, beliefs, and values. These vary by society and are also unique to the individual members of society. Art is relative to time, place, and culture. So, in the end, what is art?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><i>Thompson is a co-owner of\u00a0<\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/\"><span class=\"s2\"><b><i>UITAC Publishing<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/a><b><i>. UITAC\u2019s mission is to provide high-quality, affordable, and socially responsible online course materials.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Images used in this blog:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h3 mui-10m2rzn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/g\/Kostiantyn+Voitenko\">Kostiantyn Voitenko<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/creative-woman-female-artist-apron-looking-2062622996\">ShutterStock<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:MACBA_Basquiat%27s_Self-Portrait_%2850257651933%29.jpg\">MACBA Basquiat&#8217;s Self-Portrait<\/a>\u201d by <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:MACBA_Basquiat%27s_Self-Portrait_%2850257651933%29.jpg#:~:text=Author-,Jorge%20Franganillo,-Camera%20location\">Jorge Franganillo<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/deed.en\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Whirling_Dervishes_2.JPG\">Whirling Dervishes<\/a>\u201d by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/70601645@N00\">Vladimer Shioshvili<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/deed.en\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lamborghini_Si%C3%A1n_%2848783332087%29.jpg\">Lamborghini Si\u00e1n<\/a>\u201d by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/83468718@N06\">Rutger van der Maar<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/deed.en\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It appears that the Orlando Museum of Art was duped. In 2022, they hosted an exhibition of the work of the late artist&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":107237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,177,176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-economics","category-jobs-and-working"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is Art? - In The NEWS Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is art? 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