{"id":110379,"date":"2024-12-10T10:00:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T10:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/?p=110379"},"modified":"2025-10-09T17:50:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T17:50:30","slug":"haitian-government-on-the-brink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/haitian-government-on-the-brink\/","title":{"rendered":"On the Brink"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-110381\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg-300x189.png\" alt=\"A map showing the Caribbean islands and Central America with the country of Haiti highlighted in red.\" width=\"229\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg-1024x645.png 1024w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg-768x484.png 768w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg-1536x968.png 1536w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/2048px-Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/>By all accounts, the nation of Haiti has devolved to depths unseen since the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/slaveryandremembrance.org\/articles\/article\/?id=A0066\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Haitian Revolution<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of 1791. After the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/haitian-president-jovenel-mo-se-assassinated-first-lady-injured-attack-n1273202\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">assassination of President Jovenel Moise<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> in 2021, gangs took over the island nation&#8217;s capital, Port-au-Prince, leaving the country&#8217;s 11 million people in terror. Through the decades, Haitians have experienced various types of governments. Let\u2019s take a few moments to examine some of them.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The people of Haiti achieved independence from their French enslavers in 1804. Afterward, they experienced their government under the rule of a series of short-lived <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/embassyofhaiti.eu\/haitian-monarchs\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Emperors and Kings<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. From 1806 to 1811, King Henry I established himself as a <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">constitutional monarchy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a system of government in which a monarch is the Head of State and is governed by a parliament.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> This is different from an <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">absolute monarchy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a system of government ruled by a monarch who has control of the government and state<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-110382\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/512px-Flag_of_Haiti_1807\u20131849.svg-300x180.png\" alt=\"The Haitian flag.\" width=\"272\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/512px-Flag_of_Haiti_1807\u20131849.svg-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/512px-Flag_of_Haiti_1807\u20131849.svg.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Between 1811 and 1957, the island nation had over <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haiti.org\/heads-of-state\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">30 leaders<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ho\/time\/wwi\/88275.htm#:~:text=Under%20interventionist%20policies%20of%20the,President%20in%20July%20of%201915.\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">U.S. military forces who occupied<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> it from 1915 to 1934. Some of the leaders in Haiti lasted for mere days, while others were in power for years. While some led based on the principles of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">democracy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a system of government in which the power is vested in the people and free elections are held<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, others were military leaders who used their<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> power<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">exert control over others and achieve goals with or without the support of society<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The year 1957 saw the rise of the Duvalier dynasty. It began with elected President Francois Duvalier, a physician who was called \u201cPapa Doc\u201d by his patients. Duvalier was a corrupt leader who lined his pockets with money that should have gone to support society. To maintain power<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> he created a secret police known as the TonTon Macoute that terrorized citizens of Haiti, killing an estimated <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latinamericanstudies.org\/haiti\/duvalier-dynasty.htm\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">30,000 people<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Duvalier\u2019s presidency was best described as a <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dictatorship<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a form of government in which a single person or political entity controls political authority<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After Papa Doc died in 1971, his 19-year-old son Jean-Claude Duvalier, or \u201cBaby Doc,\u201d became president. The U.S. continued to have a significant interest in Haiti in part because of the Soviet Union&#8217;s relationship with Cuba. U.S. leaders liked the fact that the Duvaliers (dictators or not) were <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1958-60v05\/d309\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">opposed to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">communism<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">an economic and political system based on the government&#8217;s ownership and regulation of all the production and distribution of goods and services<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Unfortunately, like his father, Baby Doc continued to use the TonTon Macoute to harm people and the nation\u2019s treasury as a personal checking account. In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1986-02-08-mn-5513-story.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">1986<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the Haitian people rose up and drove Baby Doc and his family out of Haiti. They fled to the south of France on a plane supplied by the U.S. Air Force.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-110383 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Fleeing_Duvaliers-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Jean-Claude Duvalier and his wife, Michele, in a car fleeing Haiti.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Fleeing_Duvaliers-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Fleeing_Duvaliers.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the ouster of Baby Doc, Haiti has continued to cycle through democracy, military coups, and foreign occupation. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldvision.org\/disaster-relief-news-stories\/haiti-earthquake-facts#:~:text=In%202010%2C%20a%20powerful%207.1,capital%2C%20claiming%20approximately%20300%2C000%20lives.\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Additionally<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, Haiti experienced a devastating magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 2010, which killed over 300,000 people. In 2011, Baby Doc made a surprise <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna41111720\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">return<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to Haiti after 25 years in exile, saying he wanted to help the nation recover from the earthquake. He was promptly arrested on embezzlement and corruption charges, but the judge in the case ruled that the statute of limitations had expired. Baby Doc died in 2014 from a heart attack suffered after being <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wlrn.org\/news\/2014-10-06\/the-baby-doc-divide-why-south-floridas-haitians-disagree-on-duvalier\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">bitten by a tarantula<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-110384 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Baby_Doc_centree-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Jean-Claude Duvalier.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Baby_Doc_centree-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Baby_Doc_centree-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Baby_Doc_centree-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/10\/Baby_Doc_centree.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The assassination of President Moise in July 2021 was followed by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake in August that same year that killed over 2,000 and displaced millions. In February 2024, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/haiti-martine-moise-indicted-claude-joseph-leon-charles-9b70e2dd91e7bbb48737df89f76a689d\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">former President Moise\u2019s widow and presidential aids<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> were indicted for his murder. Moise\u2019s death contributed to a power vacuum in Haiti that has been filled by an estimated <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/analysis\/haiti-gangs-organized-crime\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">200 gangs<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the most powerful of which control <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/3\/14\/what-is-the-history-of-foreign-interventions-in-haiti\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">95 percent<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of Port-au-Prince.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On March 12, 2024, acting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/haiti-henry-resignation-prime-minister-violence-28acaecc1d80d993c99fe43a5e1e1f7f\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Prime Minister Ariel Henry<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> announced his resignation. At this point, the world is unsure what to do or how to help Haiti. Some Haitians want foreign intervention, but many others don\u2019t. The only thing that appears certain is that Haiti is a nation on the brink of collapse. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thompson is a co-owner of<\/span><\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> UITAC Publishing<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. UITAC\u2019s mission is to provide high-quality, affordable, and socially responsible online course materials.<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Images used in this blog:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559739&quot;:525,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Haiti_-_Caribbean.svg\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Location of Haiti in the Caribbean Sea<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Hogweard\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hogweard<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flag_of_Haiti_%281807%E2%80%931849%29.svg\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Flag of H<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">iti (1807\u20131849)<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8221; <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Samhanin\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Samhanin <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.en\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fleeing_Duvaliers.jpg\">Fleeing Duvaliers<\/a>&#8221; is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/deed.en\">CC0 1.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Baby_Doc_(centr%C3%A9e).jpg\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Baby Doc<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8221; <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Marcello Casal Jr\/<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ABr<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/deed.en\">CC BY 3.0<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By all accounts, the nation of Haiti has devolved to depths unseen since the Haitian Revolution of 1791. After the assassination of President Jovenel Moise in 2021, gangs took over the island nation&#8217;s capital, Port-au-Prince, leaving the country&#8217;s 11 million people in terror. Through the decades, Haitians have experienced various types of governments. Let\u2019s take [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":110382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[186,177,71,76,185,80,182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deviance-and-crime","category-economics","category-groups-and-organizations","category-political-sociology","category-population","category-social-change-and-movements","category-terrorism-and-fear"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>On the Brink - In The NEWS Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore Haiti&#039;s history of unstable governance from current gang rule after Moise&#039;s assassination to the nation&#039;s uncertain future.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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