{"id":110818,"date":"2025-03-18T10:00:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T10:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/?p=110818"},"modified":"2025-10-09T17:46:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T17:46:50","slug":"health-equity-sociology-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/health-equity-sociology-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Healthy Equity, Prisons, and Community-based Participatory Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Health equity, the ability for all to obtain the best level of care for one\u2019s health, is a vital concern for all individuals, including both incarcerated people and the employees who work in the <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">criminal justice system<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span> <i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">formal institutions designed to enforce, arbitrate, and carry out the laws of the society, <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">especially prisons. Incarcerated populations face higher risks for <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">chronic diseases<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">long-lasting health problems that normally cannot be cured and only controlled, such as heart disease, cancer, and strokes<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. As well as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/lww-medicalcare\/citation\/2022\/09000\/advancing_public_health_interventions_to_address.1.aspx?context=latestarticles\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">higher<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> risks for mental health challenges and substance use disorders, these health issues are often compounded by <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stigma<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a negative label characterized by one or more personal traits that form a stereotype about the individual<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Similarly, prison staff, including correctional officers, experience significant health disparities, such as elevated rates of mental health issues like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41271-024-00496-z\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">depression<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. These health challenges are particularly pronounced in rural areas, where the majority of U.S. prisons are located, and healthcare resources are already <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/6\/1\/7\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">limited<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I\u2019m currently working on a National Institute of Health (NIH)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">funded research project based out of a community nonprofit collaborating with a team of university researchers and staff that aims to address <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">health disparities<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, or opportunities to obtain optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged people, <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by focusing on reducing stigma around healthcare utilization and incarceration. This project is an example of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">applied sociology<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the use of sociological theory, research, and methodologies to find solutions to problems in society<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. One key solution is to reduce the stigma surrounding healthcare access in and out of prisons, which can often deter individuals from seeking necessary medical or mental health care. The project aims to increase the use of healthcare services, especially mental health awareness, and care for those incarcerated, recently released individuals, and prison staff.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-110821 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/corrections-70322_1280-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A deep orange, yellow, and red sunset.\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/corrections-70322_1280-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/corrections-70322_1280-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/corrections-70322_1280-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/corrections-70322_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Our project addresses health disparities in Maryland and Tennessee state prisons, with a focus on three key populations most impacted by prisons: racial and ethnic minorities, people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and those in rural communities. These groups are disproportionately represented in the carceral system, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the policies, institutions, and practices of controlling individuals and incarceration<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, which exacerbates their existing health <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/lww-medicalcare\/citation\/2022\/09000\/advancing_public_health_interventions_to_address.1.aspx?context=latestarticles\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">disparities<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Research indicates that individuals in prison are more likely to suffer from communicable diseases, chronic health conditions, mental health struggles, and substance use issues. In rural areas, where <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/6\/1\/7\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">70 percent of U.S. prisons<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> are situated, healthcare access is often even more limited<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, often due to frequent hospital closures<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Incarcerated individuals and correctional staff in these areas face additional barriers to receiving timely and adequate care, deepening the inequities they face. Plus, those reentering society often face challenges like homelessness and limited access to healthcare, which unduly affects <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/13\/24-0258_article\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">people of color<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> and rural areas<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Community-Based Participatory Research\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A promising approach to addressing health disparities is community-based participatory research (CBPR). CBPR involves directly engaging those most affected by health disparities, like in our project formerly incarcerated individuals and prison staff in the research process. By incorporating their lived experiences, CBPR ensures that the research is not only data-driven but also culturally relevant and informed by the real-world challenges people face in carceral and reentry settings. This approach empowers marginalized populations to become active participants in designing solutions to their health inequities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our project uses a CBPR approach to reduce stigma around healthcare utilization in prisons, aiming to decrease incarceration or mental health stigma and increase access to mental health services for both incarcerated individuals and prison staff. The core of the project\u2019s goal is developing stigma-reducing education alongside health and digital literacy resources for all impacted. This combination seeks to normalize mental health care, healthcare-seeking behaviors, challenge harmful stereotypes, and encourage both incarcerated individuals and correctional staff to prioritize their health and access the care they need.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-110819 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/friends-5493229_1280-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A group of people standing in front of a sunset.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/friends-5493229_1280-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/friends-5493229_1280-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/friends-5493229_1280-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uitac.com\/inthenewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/friends-5493229_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>A key aspect of this project is the involvement of currently and formerly incarcerated individuals in the research process. To ensure that the voices of those directly impacted are included, the project established a Prison Health Care Advisory Board (PH-CAB) in Maryland. This board consists of roughly 15 men who are or have been incarcerated and play an active role in advising the research process. For example, they have helped design study content, provide feedback on materials, and assist in refining the interview guides based on their lived experiences. The PH-CAB meets monthly with the research team through virtual meetings to ensure that the research remains culturally relevant and effective. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Culture<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a society&#8217;s socially learned and shared ideas, behaviors, and material components<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, plays a very important role in people\u2019s lifestyles and healthcare. Once data collection is complete and analyzed, the PH-CAB members will be invited to discuss and interpret the findings, collaborating to create final deliverables. Educational pamphlets of the research findings will be distributed to formerly incarcerated individuals and staff through in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">person and online platforms like listservs and social media. Through this collaborative approach, the project ensures that the research remains grounded in the lived experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals, increasing its potential for long-lasting, meaningful change by normalizing healthcare<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">seeking behavior.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Health Equity<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">By addressing the health equity needs of incarcerated individuals, prison staff, and rural communities, the project aims to significantly reduce disparities in health outcomes. It offers a real-world approach to tackling the complex health challenges faced by marginalized populations, fostering a positive shift in the social climate for those with lived experiences in prisons and benefiting not just those incarcerated, but also correctional staff and the broader communities impacted by the criminal justice system. Through these efforts, the project seeks to enhance continuity of care, improve overall health outcomes, and contribute to greater health equity for some of the most underserved populations in the U.S.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our project combines stigma reduction, health <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">education<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the transmission of knowledge, skills, values, and beliefs from one group to another,<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and the encouragement of healthcare access, aiming to create a healthier and more equitable society. Ultimately, the goal is to normalize healthcare seeking behaviors among incarcerated individuals, formerly incarcerated individuals, and prison staff. This would lead to healthier prison populations, better health outcomes, and more resilient communities both inside and outside of carceral settings. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Above all<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the goal is to create a healthier and more equitable society by improving care within carceral systems and empowering the individuals most impacted by these inequities to engage with healthcare in meaningful ways.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mooney is a guest blogger at <\/span><\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/uitac.com\/\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">UITAC Publishing<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. UITAC\u2019s mission is to provide high-quality, affordable, and socially responsible online course materials.\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:true,&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335557856&quot;:4278190080,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:400,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">Images used in this blog:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/corrections-tower-prison-jail-70322\/\">Corrections, Towers, Prison<\/a>&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/publicdomainpictures-14\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=70322\">PublicDomainPictures<\/a> is licensed by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=70322\">Pixabay<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/friends-group-silhouettes-5493229\/\">Friends, Group, Silhouettes<\/a>&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/ahnaf_sakil-15281072\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=5493229\">ahnaf sakil<\/a> is licensed by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=5493229\">Pixabay<\/a>. This image has not been altered.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Health equity, the ability for all to obtain the best level of care for one\u2019s health, is a vital concern for all individuals, including both incarcerated people and the employees who work in the criminal justice system, formal institutions designed to enforce, arbitrate, and carry out the laws of the society, especially prisons. Incarcerated populations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1355,"featured_media":110819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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